Robotic surgery is a surgical procedure performed by a surgeon using a robotic platform. In other words, the surgeon controls the movements of robotic arms that are in contact with the patient’s body through a remote console. This is what we call robot-assisted surgery. Robot-assisted surgery offers several advantages for both the patient and the surgeon. The surgeon benefits from greater precision in movements and a three-dimensional view of anatomical structures, as if being immersed inside the patient’s body. For the patient, the incisions are smaller, and because the surgeon can see and dissect with greater accuracy, there is less blood loss, less postoperative pain, and a faster recovery time. The introduction of this robotic system has revolutionized the field of surgery. It is no longer just the future, but the present, showing us a glimpse of the potential of this technology according to the results obtained so far.
The robotic platform offers several advantages. First, it allows for very small incisions, and the type of movement performed by the robotic arms—introduced into the patient’s body through fine instruments—results in less tissue damage. In addition, the dissection of anatomical structures is more precise, meticulous, and free from the natural tremor of the human hand. This ensures a safer procedure and likely a more effective outcome in any surgical intervention. Another advantage of the robotic system is the ability to perform procedures in very small and confined spaces without the need to enlarge the surgical field. This reduces the risk of postoperative complications that could arise from more extensive dissection. For all these reasons, with the introduction of robotic surgery, an increasing number of surgeons and patients are choosing robotic surgical treatments due to their minimally invasive nature.
Although robot-assisted surgery offers several advantages compared to traditional surgical techniques, it must be performed by expert hands. If the surgeon is not sufficiently trained, complications may arise, as with any other conventional surgical procedure. For this reason, the specialized surgeon must be properly trained and have sufficient experience before performing robotic surgery on the patient.
In this case, the Da Vinci robotic system is described, which is composed of three main components:
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