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Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach passes through the diaphragmatic opening called the hiatus. This opening is where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm, a structure that separates the chest from the abdomen. Under normal conditions, the esophagus connects to the stomach after passing through the diaphragm. However, for different reasons, the hiatus may widen more than usual, and the positive pressure within the abdomen causes part of the stomach to move upward through this opening into the chest. This can lead to food or gastric acid refluxing back into the esophagus, causing symptoms as described below.

The causes of hiatal hernia are varied: weakness of the diaphragm, trauma, laxity of the hiatus opening, and increased intra-abdominal pressure due to frequent coughing, constipation, or strenuous physical exercise. Some predisposing factors include obesity and smoking.

The treatment of hiatal hernia depends on its size and symptoms. Small hernias with mild symptoms can be managed with oral medication and good dietary habits. If symptoms persist despite medical treatment, or if the size of the hernia causes symptoms such as chest pain, surgery is preferred.
Currently, minimally invasive surgery is the treatment of choice. It can be performed either laparoscopically or robotically, with the latter offering additional advantages. Patients usually experience a 180-degree improvement immediately after surgery, with a rapid recovery.

Gallbladder problems are related to the presence of stones (calculi) inside it. These stones form from the bile stored in the gallbladder, as bile can sometimes lead to the sedimentation of bilirubin or cholesterol, forming a buildup known as sludge, which later aggregates into stones. Diet may influence their formation, but each person’s metabolism is a key factor. Another cause is a diet rich in cholesterol. Obesity and rapid weight loss are also factors that contribute to the development of gallstones.

The most common symptom of gallstones is pain in the right side of the abdomen, just below the ribs, especially after eating. This pain is colicky in nature, meaning it is intermittent, with fluctuations in intensity. In some cases, the pain improves with oral analgesics, but in others it requires emergency care due to severe pain that does not respond to oral medication. Other symptoms include burning in the epigastrium (upper abdomen), nausea, vomiting, right shoulder pain, and in some cases chest pain and heartburn.
Gallstones can migrate into the bile duct, which may lead to infections that can spread throughout the body. Another complication is pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), which can be mild or severe enough to cause death.

When gallstones cause symptoms, surgical treatment is preferred, meaning surgery.
The procedure consists of completely removing the gallbladder, and it can be performed using laparoscopic or robotic surgery.

The colon is the part of the large intestine where the contents coming from the small intestine are dehydrated (water and electrolytes are absorbed) to form stool. It is approximately 1.5 meters long, and as the content progresses, the stool becomes more solid and takes shape. The final part is the rectum, whose function is to signal when there is a need to have a bowel movement once the fecal bolus arrives.
One of the most feared conditions is colon and rectal cancer. These are diseases that require surgery as part of their treatment, as chemotherapy and radiotherapy (in rectal cancer) play a fundamental role.

Symptoms of colon and rectal cancer are variable and are often silent at onset. In some cases, suspicion arises from the detection of occult blood in the stool during the investigation of unexplained anemia, or during a screening or follow-up colonoscopy. Unfortunately, in many cases the diagnosis is made only when the patient presents with a complication of the disease, such as colonic obstruction or significant bleeding after defecation. In more advanced cases, there may be marked weight loss, weakness, and fatigue.

The treatment of colon and rectal cancer is surgical, unless it is at a very advanced stage where treatment is considered palliative, focusing on pain control and comfort, with a poor prognosis. When the disease is treatable, resection of the affected portion of the colon, together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, currently leads to very good outcomes.
Minimally invasive surgery, whether laparoscopic or robotic, is the preferred approach as it causes less tissue damage and allows for faster patient recovery.

Our main values are humane treatment of the patient and professionalism to achieve excellence in all pathologies within our specialty.

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